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City and capital of Southward Sumatra, Republic of indonesia

City in Due south Sumatra, Indonesia

Palembang
City
Clockwise from top: Ampera Bridge, Great Mosque of Palembang, LRT Palembang, Sriwijaya Kingdom Archaeological Park, Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Museum, Gateway to the Cheng Ho Mosque
Flag Coat of arms
Nickname(s): Kota Pempek (City of Pempek), Venetië Van Andalas, Bumi Sriwijaya (The Land of Srivijaya)
Motto(southward): Palembang BARI (Bersih, Aman, Rapi, Indah) (Palembang: Clean, Condom, Bang-up, and Beautiful)
Location within S Sumatra
Palembang Location in Sumatra and Republic of indonesia Testify map of Sumatra Palembang Palembang (Indonesia) Evidence map of Indonesia
Coordinates: 2°59′x″S 104°45′20″East  /  2.98611°S 104.75556°E  / -2.98611; 104.75556 Coordinates: two°59′10″S 104°45′20″East  /  2.98611°Due south 104.75556°East  / -2.98611; 104.75556
State	Indonesia
Province	S Sumatra
Founded	16 June 683 (Kedukan Bukit Inscription)
Incorporated	1 April 1906 (Staatsblad 1906:126)
Government
• Mayor	Harnojoyo (Demokrat)
• Vice Mayor	Fitrianti Agustinda
Area
• Total	400.61 kmtwo (154.68 sq mi)
Elevation	8 chiliad (26 ft)
Population (2020 Census)
• Full	1,668,848
• Density	4,200/km2 (11,000/sq mi)
Demographics
•Ethnic groups [1]	Palembang Malay, Lampung, Batak, Sundanese, Acehnese, Chinese
• Religion[two]	Muslim 92.53% Buddhist 3.67% Protestant ii.23% Catholic 1.49% Hindu 0.06%[3]
Time zone	UTC+7 (Republic of indonesia Western Time)
Postal lawmaking	301xx, 302xx
Area lawmaking	(+62) 711
Website	palembang.go.id

Palembang (Indonesian pronunciation: [paˈlɛmbaŋ]) is the capital city of the Indonesian province of South Sumatra. The city proper covers 400.61 square kilometres (154.68 square miles) on both banks of the Musi River on the eastern lowland of southern Sumatra. It had a population of i,668,848 at the 2022 Census.^[4] Palembang is the 2d most populous city in Sumatra, subsequently Medan, and the ninth most populous metropolis in Indonesia.

The Palembang metropolitan area has an estimated population of more than than 3.5 million in 2015.^[5] Information technology comprises parts of regencies surrounding the city, including Banyuasin, Ogan Ilir, and Ogan Komering Ilir.

Palembang is one of the oldest cities in Southeast Asia. It was the capital of Srivijaya, a Buddhist kingdom that ruled much of the western Indonesian Archipelago and controlled many maritime trade routes, including the Strait of Malacca.^[6] a Chinese monk, Yijing, wrote that he visited Srivijaya in the year 671 for half-dozen months.

Palembang was incorporated into the Dutch Eastward Indies in 1825 after the abolition of the Palembang Sultanate.^[7] Information technology was chartered as a city on one April 1906.^[8]

Palembang was the host metropolis of the 2011 Southeast Asian Games and the 2022 Asian Games along with Jakarta.^{[nine] [10] [xi]} The get-go light runway system in Indonesia was operated in Palembang in July 2018.^[12]

The city is a major local tourist destination attracting a total of 2,011,417 tourists in 2017, however, it is not a well-known international tourist destination as foreign tourists merely business relationship for 9,850 out of the aforementioned total tourist arrivals.^[13] Traffic jams, floods, slums, pollution, and peatland fire are issues in Palembang.^{[14] [fifteen] [16] [17] [18]}

Etymology [edit]

Some believe that the proper noun "Palembang" is derived from the word limbang in Malay. By adding the prefix pe- which indicates a identify or situation, the city'due south proper noun means "a identify to pan gilt and diamond ores". It is said that during artifact, the ruler ordered gold and diamond miners to pan their ores in the city for security and surveillance reasons.^[xix]

Others say that the proper noun comes from the word lembang in Malay. By adding the aforementioned prefix, the urban center's proper noun means "a identify where the water leaks".^[twenty] It besides means "a place which was constantly inundated past h2o". It refers to the geographical features of Palembang, which is a wetland.^[21]

Some say that the name was given by 4 brothers who survived a shipwreck well-nigh Musi River during the Majapahit reign. It is said that on their way to a new colony in eastern Sumatra, when their ship was wrecked, all belongings in the ship sunk into the ocean except a broken wooden box which the survivor used as rafts. The rafts were wobbled (limbang-limbang) by the waves until they drifted ashore to a state which was later named Palimbang past them.^[22]

Palembang likewise has a special Chinese character rendition like several cities in Indonesia. In Chinese, Palembang is written every bit 巨港 (pinyin: Jùgǎng ; lit. 'giant port'). It refers to the city in the past which was one time a humming major port in Southeast Asia.^[23]

History [edit]

Srivijaya period [edit]

The Kedukan Bukit Inscription, which is dated 682 Advert, is the oldest inscription institute in Palembang. The inscription tells of a king who acquires magical powers and leads a large military force over h2o and country, setting out from Tamvan delta, arriving at a identify called "Matajap," and (in the estimation of some scholars) founding the polity of Srivijaya. The "Matajap" of the inscription is believed to exist Mukha Upang, a district of Palembang.^[24]

According to George Coedes, "in the second half of the 9th century Java and Sumatra were united under the rule of a Sailendra reigning in Java...its middle at Palembang."^{[25] : 92}

Equally the uppercase of the Srivijaya kingdom, this 2nd oldest city in Southeast Asia has been an of import trading centre in maritime Southeast Asia for more a millennium. The kingdom flourished by controlling the international trade through the Strait of Malacca from the seventh to thirteenth century, establishing hegemony over polities in Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula. Sanskrit inscriptions and Chinese travelogues report that the kingdom prospered as an intermediary in the international trade betwixt China and Bharat. Because of the Monsoon, or biannual seasonal wind, after getting to Srivijaya, traders from Mainland china or Bharat had to stay there for several months waiting the direction of the air current changes, or had to become back to People's republic of china or Bharat. Thus, Srivijaya grew to exist the biggest international merchandise centre, and not just the market place, but also infrastructures for traders such as lodging and entertainment too developed. Information technology functioned as a cultural centre as well.^[26] Yijing, a Chinese Buddhist pilgrim who stayed in today's Palembang and Jambi in 671, recorded that in that location were more than a thousand Buddhist monks and learned scholars, sponsored by the kingdom to study religion in Palembang. He also recorded that there were many "states" under the kingdom chosen Srivijaya (Shili Foshi).^{[27] [28]}

In 990, an army from the Kingdom of Medang in Java attacked Srivijaya. Palembang was sacked and the palace was looted. Cudamani Warmadewa, however, requested protection from China. By 1006, the invasion was finally repelled. In retaliation, Srivijaya king sent his troops to aid Male monarch Wurawari of Luaram in his revolt against Medang. In subsequent battles, Medang Palace was destroyed and the royal family of Medang executed.^[29]

In 1068, Male monarch Virarajendra Chola of the Chola Dynasty of India conquered what is at present Kedah from Srivijaya.^[xxx] Having lost many soldiers in the state of war and with its coffers virtually empty due to the twenty-year disruption of trade, the reach of Srivijaya was diminished. Its territories began to free themselves from the suzerainty of Palembang and to establish many pocket-sized kingdoms all over the onetime empire.^[31] Srivijaya finally declined with the armed services expedition past Javanese kingdoms in the thirteenth century.^[28]

Mail-Srivijaya menses [edit]

Prince Parameswara fled from Palembang after being crushed by Javanese forces,^[32] The city was then plagued by pirates, notably Chen Zuyi and Liang Daoming. In 1407, Chen was confronted at Palembang by the returning purple treasure fleet nether Admiral Zheng He. Zheng fabricated the opening gambit, enervating Chen'due south surrender and the pirate quickly signalled understanding while preparing for a surprise pre-emptive strike. Just details of his program had been provided to Zheng past a local Chinese informant, and in the fierce battle that ensued, the Ming soldiers and Ming superior armada finally destroyed the pirate fleet and killed 5,000 of its men. Chen was captured and held for public execution in Nanjing in 1407. Peace was finally restored to the Strait of Malacca as Shi Jinqing was installed as Palembang's new ruler and incorporated into what would go a far-flung organisation of allies who acknowledged Ming supremacy in return for diplomatic recognition, military machine protection, and trading rights.^{[33] [34]}

Palembang Sultanate [edit]

The walled city of Palembang with its 3 fortresses in 1682

After the Demak Sultanate fell under Kingdom of Pajang, a Demak nobleman, Geding Suro with his followers fled to Palembang and established a new dynasty. It is from this period, that Islam became the dominant religion in Palembang.^[32] The K Mosque of Palembang was built in 1738 nether the reign of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin I Jaya Wikrama,^[35] and was completed in 1748.^[36] Settlements grew forth the Musi River, with some houses built on rafts.^[32] The Sultanate legislated only citizens of Palembang could reside downstream of Seberang Ilir where the palace was located, whereas non-citizens were required to reside on the opposite bank known as Seberang Ulu.^[37]

Several local rivals, such every bit Banten, Jambi, and Aceh threatened the existence of the Sultanate. Meanwhile, the Dutch E India Company established a trade post in Palembang in 1619. In 1642, the company obtained monopoly over the ports pepper trade. Tensions mounted between the Dutch and locals, peaking in 1657 when a Dutch ship was attacked in Palembang. This provided opportunity for the company to launch a punitive trek in 1659, in which the urban center was burnt to the ground.^[32]

During the Napoleonic Wars in 1812, Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin Ii repudiated British claims to suzerainty. The British responded by mounting a military expedition that captured Palembang and deposed the sultan. His younger brother, the pro-British Najamudinn, was installed onto the throne instead. The Dutch colonial government attempted to recover their influence at the courtroom in 1816, simply Sultan Najamuddin was uncooperative. An trek launched past the Dutch in 1818 captured Sultan Najamudin and he was exiled to Batavia. A Dutch Army garrison was established in 1821, but Najamuddin attempted an attack and a mass poisoning of the garrison, which was intervened by the Dutch. Mahmud Badaruddin II was exiled to Ternate, and his palace was burned to the ground. The Sultanate was later abolished by Dutch and direct colonial dominion was established.^[32]

Dutch colonial period [edit]

A painting of Palembang during Dutch rule

Following the Dutch abolition of the Palembang Sultanate in 1825, Palembang become the uppercase of the Residency of Palembang, encompassing the territory that would become the Southward Sumatra province later Indonesian independence. Its first resident was Jan Izaäk van Sevenhoven.^[7]

Coat of arms of Palembang during colonial era, adopted in 1925

From the tardily nineteenth century, with the Dutch introduction of new export crops including robusta coffee, Palembang rose every bit an economic centre. During the early 20th century, the development of the petroleum and rubber industries in Palembang Residency drove the metropolis's economic growth. This saw a growth in migrants, an increase in urbanisation, and development of the socioeconomic infrastructure. Palembang became the well-nigh populous urban heart outside Java.^[38]

Japanese occupation [edit]

Imperial Japanese Regular army paratroopers landing during the battle of Palembang, 13 Feb 1942

An oil embargo had been imposed on Nippon by the U.s., holland, and the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, and due to its oil refineries, Palembang was a loftier priority objective for Japanese forces. With the area's fuel supply and airfield, Palembang offered potential as a military base expanse, to both the Allies and the Japanese.^{[39] [40]}

The principal battle occurred during 13–16 February 1942. While the Centrolineal planes were attacking Japanese shipping on 13 Feb, Kawasaki Ki-56 ship planes of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Chutai, Regal Japanese Army Air Forcefulness (IJAAF), dropped Teishin Shudan (Raiding Group) paratroopers over Pangkalan Benteng airfield. At the aforementioned time Mitsubishi Ki-21 bombers from the 98th Sentai dropped supplies for paratroopers. The formation was escorted past a big force of Nakajima Ki-43 fighters from the 59th and 64th Sentai. As many as 180 men from the Japanese 2nd Parachute Regiment, under Colonel Seiichi Kume, dropped betwixt Palembang and Pangkalan Benteng, and more than 90 men came down due west of the refineries at Plaju.

Although the Japanese paratroopers failed to capture the Pangkalan Benteng airfield, they managed to proceeds undamaged possession of the Plaju oil refinery. Nonetheless, the second oil refinery in Sungai Gerong was demolished by the Allies. A counter-attack by Landstorm troops and anti-aircraft gunners from Prabumulih managed to retake the complex only took heavy losses. The planned demolition failed to do any serious impairment to the refinery, but the oil stores were set ablaze. Ii hours after the first driblet, another 60 Japanese paratroopers were dropped near Pangkalan Benteng airfield.^{[39] [40]}

As the Japanese landing force approached Sumatra, the remaining Centrolineal aircraft attacked it, and the Japanese transport send Otawa Maru was sunk. Hurricanes flew upwardly the rivers, machine-gunning Japanese landing craft. However, on the afternoon of xv February, all Centrolineal aircraft were ordered to Java, where a major Japanese attack was anticipated, and the Allied air units had withdrawn from southern Sumatra by the evening of 16 February 1942. Other personnel were evacuated via Oosthaven (now Bandar Lampung) by ships to Java or India.^{[39] [40]}

The Japanese managed to restore production at both main refineries, and these petroleum products were significant in their war effort. Despite Allied air raids, production was largely maintained. The urban center was defended from air attacks past the Imperial Japanese Regular army's Palembang Defense Unit.

In Baronial 1944, USAAF B-29 bombers flying from India, raided the Palembang refineries in what was the longest range regular bombing mission of the war.^[41]

In January 1945, in Operation Meridian, the British Imperial Navy Fleet Air Arm launched two major attacks on the two refinery complexes, against determined Japanese defence.^[42]

National revolution [edit]

On 8 October 1945, the Resident of South Sumatra, Adnan Kapau Gani, and Gunseibu officers raised the Indonesian flag during a ceremony. It was declared that Palembang Residency was nether control of Republicans.^[43]

Palembang was occupied past the Dutch afterwards an urban battle with Republicans on one–5 January 1947, which is nicknamed Pertempuran Lima Hari Lima Malam (Five Days and Nights Battle). The battle concluded with a ceasefire and the Republican forces retreated as far as twenty kilometres (12 miles) from Palembang.^{[44] [45]}

During the occupation, the Dutch formed the federal land of Southward Sumatra in September 1948.^[46] After the transfer of sovereignty on 27 December 1949, South Sumatra Land, along with other federal states and the Republic formed a short-lived Usa of Indonesia earlier us were abolished and integrated back into the form of Republic on 17 August 1950.^[47]

Old Social club and New Order period [edit]

During PRRI/Permesta rebellion, the insubordinate faction established Dewan Garuda (Garuda Quango) in S Sumatra on xv January 1957 nether Lieutenant Colonel Barlian took over the local government of S Sumatra.

In April 1962, Indonesian regime started the construction of Ampera Span which was completed and officially opened for public on 30 September 1965 by Minister/Commander of the Army Lieutenant General Ahmad Yani on 30 September 1965, just hours earlier he was killed by troops belonging to the 30 September Movement. At outset, the bridge was known equally the Bung Karno Bridge, after the president, but following his autumn, it was renamed the Ampera Bridge.^[48] A second bridge in Palembang which crosses Musi River, Musi 2 Bridge was congenital on 4 August 1992.^[49]

On vi December 1988, Indonesia regime expanded Palembang'southward administrative area as far equally 12 kilometers from the urban center center, with 9 villages from Musi Banyuasin integrated into two new districts of Palembang and 1 village from Ogan Komering Ilir integrated into Seberang Ulu I District.^[49]

During May 1998 riots of Indonesia, Palembang was also ravaged by riots with 10 burned shops, more than than a dozen burned cars, and several injured people inflicted by rioters as students marching to the Provincial People's Representative Council office of S Sumatra. Thousands of constabulary and soldiers were put on guard at various points in the city. The Volunteer Squad for Humanity (Indonesian: Tim Relawan untuk Manusia, or TRUK) reported that cases of sexual attack also took place.^[49]

Reform period [edit]

The opening anniversary of the 2011 Southeast Asian Games in Jakabaring Stadium, Palembang, 11 November 2011

A sports complex, including Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium, was built in Palebang's southern district of Jakabaring over 1998-2004. Palembang then hosted the 2004 National Games, 47 years after the games were final held outside Java and 51 years since held in Sumatra.^[l] Palembang went on to co-host the 2011 Southeast Asian Games with Jakarta. Two years later, Palembang replaced Riau province's capital Pekanbaru as host city of the 2013 Islamic Solidarity Games after Riau Governor Rusli Zainal was implicated in a abuse case.^[51] Palembang and Dki jakarta co-hosted the 2022 Asian Games.^[52]

President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in 2005 alleged Palembang a "Water Tourism Urban center".^[53] Further tourism promotions were launched by Yudhoyono'southward administration in 2008 amid criticism that souvenirs promoting local culture for the entrada were actually imported from China.^{[54] [55]}

Palembang's commencement flyover was completed at Simpang Polda in September 2008.^[56] A second flyover, in Jakabaring, was completed in 2015.^[57] In 2010, Palembang launched its motorbus transit organization, Transmusi.^[58] In 2015, the central authorities began upgrading Palembang's transportation with the construction of a light rail transit organisation from Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II International Airport to Jakabaring, followed past price roads, two Musi River bridges, and two flyovers, alee of the 2022 Asian Games.^{[59] [60] [61]} The city's principal toll road commenced functioning in October 2017.^[62]

Geography and climate [edit]

Geography [edit]

At two°59′10″S 104°45′20″Due east  /  2.98611°Due south 104.75556°East  / -2.98611; 104.75556 , Palembang occupies 400.61 km² of vast lowland area east of Bukit Barisan Mountains in southern Sumatra with average peak of 8 metres (26 feet),^[63] approximately 105 kilometres (65 miles) from nearby coast at Bangka Strait. One of the largest rivers in Sumatra, the Musi River, runs through the city, dividing the urban center area into 2 major parts which are Seberang Ilir in the north and Seberang Ulu in the south. Palembang is likewise located on the confluence of two major tributaries of Musi River, which are Ogan River and Komering River. The river's water level is influenced by tidal wheel. In rainy season, many areas on the urban center are inundated by the river's tide.^[64]

Palembang's topography is quite dissimilar between Seberang Ilir and Seberang Ulu area. Seberang Ulu topography is relatively flat, meanwhile Seberang Ilir topography is more rugged with altitude variation between 4 and twenty metres (13 and 66 anxiety).^[64]

Climate [edit]

A NASA satellite prototype showing the extent of the brume on 24 September 2015. Palembang was directly affected by the haze during this time, disrupting air travels and worsening the health of its residents.

Palembang is located in the tropical rainforest climate (Köppen Af) zone with significant rainfall even in its driest months. The climate in Palembang is often described with "hot, humid climate with a lot of rainfall throughout the yr". The almanac average temperature is around 27.3 °C (81.1 °F). Within tropical climate, except for precipitation and monsoonal air current direction, the urban center experiences no other seasonal modify throughout the yr. Average rainfall annually is two,623 millimetres or 103 inches.^[65] During its wettest months, the city's lowlands are ofttimes inundated by torrential rains. Notwithstanding, in its driest months, many peatlands effectually the urban center stale, making them more than vulnerable to wildfires, causing prolonged haze in the metropolis. Due to the metropolis very low latitude, typhoon gamble of the city is nearly absent.^[66]

Climate data for Palembang
Month	Jan	February	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	November	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	30.viii (87.4)	31.ii (88.two)	31.five (88.7)	32.one (89.8)	32.4 (90.iii)	31.9 (89.4)	31.viii (89.2)	32.1 (89.8)	32.v (ninety.5)	32.half-dozen (90.7)	31.9 (89.four)	31.1 (88.0)	31.8 (89.3)
Daily hateful °C (°F)	26.8 (eighty.two)	27.ane (80.viii)	27.2 (81.0)	27.7 (81.9)	28.0 (82.four)	27.4 (81.3)	27.0 (lxxx.vi)	27.2 (81.0)	27.5 (81.5)	27.7 (81.9)	27.4 (81.three)	27.0 (80.half-dozen)	27.three (81.two)
Boilerplate low °C (°F)	22.9 (73.2)	23.0 (73.4)	23.0 (73.four)	23.four (74.1)	23.6 (74.5)	22.9 (73.2)	22.3 (72.1)	22.iv (72.3)	22.five (72.5)	22.9 (73.two)	23.0 (73.4)	23.0 (73.4)	22.9 (73.two)
Boilerplate rainfall mm (inches)	277 (10.nine)	262 (10.iii)	329 (thirteen.0)	263 (10.iv)	213 (8.iv)	122 (4.8)	104 (4.one)	107 (four.2)	120 (4.7)	186 (7.3)	274 (10.8)	366 (xiv.4)	ii,623 (103.three)
Mean monthly sunshine hours	169	118	130	150	174	127	131	149	118	160	132	120	1,678
Source 1: Climate-Data.org[67]
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst[68] [69]

Neighborhoods [edit]

Panorama of Palembang from southeast to southwest as seen from Pasar 16 Ilir

Palembang is roughly divided by Musi River into two major areas known as Seberang Ilir (lit. "downstream banking company") in the north and Seberang Ulu (lit. "upstream bank") in the south. Seberang Ilir is the chief economic and political centre in Palembang and contained a prominent portion of the city'due south highrises. Seberang Ulu is undergoing massive evolution, especially in Jakabaring, with the structure of business concern centre, government building, and the most notably is the structure of the city'south sport complex, Jakabaring Sport Metropolis.

Administration [edit]

Government [edit]

Palembang administratively has a condition every bit a urban center and has its own local government and legislative body. The executive head of Palembang is the Mayor. The mayor and members of representatives are locally elected past popular vote for a v-year term. The city government enjoys greater decentralization of affairs than the provincial body, such equally the provision of public schools, public wellness facilities and public transportation. Current Mayor of the urban center is Harnojoyo, previous vice mayor who is appointed because the previous mayor, Romi Herton was impeached because of a bribery scandal during his election.^[lxx] Besides Mayor and Vice Mayor, at that place is Palembang Municipal People's Representative Council, which is a legislative body of council members directly elected by the people in legislative elections every v years.

Administrative districts [edit]

Palembang consists of eighteen kecamatan (districts),^[71] each headed past a Camat. They are farther divided again into 107 kelurahan (urban villages).^[72] They are listed below with their areas, their populations at the 2010 Demography^[73] and the latest official estimates (as at mid 2019).^[74] The table also includes the numbers of kelurahan (urban villages) in each district, and its postal codes.

Palembang'south Districts (Kecamatan)^[75]

District	Area in km2	Population demography 2010	Population census 2020	Density (per km2) in 2020	Number of kelurahan	Postal codes
Ilir Barat II	6.22	63,959	67,614	ten,870	7	30141 - 30146
Gandus	68.78	57,221	73,953	one,075	v	30147 - 30149
Seberang Ulu Satu	viii.28	70,468	91,166	xi,010	half dozen	30258 - 30259
Kertapati	42.56	80,226	91,661	2,154	5	30251 - 30257
Jakabaring	9.16	- [a]	90,415	ix,871	5	30251 - 30257
Seberang Ulu Dua	10.69	92,276	100,232	9,376	7	30261 - 30267
Plaju	fifteen.17	79,096	93,171	vi,142	seven	30266 - 30268
Ilir Barat Satu	nineteen.77	124,657	140,945	seven,129	6	30131 - 30134
Bukit Kecil	nine.92	43,811	38,585	three,890	6	30135 - 30136
Ilir Timur Satu	6.50	69,406	66,168	x,180	11	30121 - 30124
Kemuning	9.00	82,661	80,685	viii,965	vi	30127 - 30128
Ilir Timur Dua	10.82	159,152	85,460	7,898	6	30111 - 30118
Kalidoni	27.92	99,738	122,474	4,387	5	30114 - 30119
Ilir Timur Tiga	14.76	- [a]	73,010	4,846	6	30111 - 30114
Sako	18.04	82,661	110,079	6,102	4	30161 - 30164
Sematang Borang	36.98	32,207	54,362	1,470	4	30161 - 30165
Sukarami	51.46	139,098	183,667	3,569	vii	30151 - 30155
Alang-Alang Lebar	34.58	86,371	105,201	3,042	iv	30151 - 30154

• (a) Two additional districts - Ilir Timur Tiga (East Ilir III) and Jakabaring - were established in 2022 by splitting from Ilir Timur Dua (Eastward Ilir II) and Seberang Ulu Satu (Upper Seberang I) districts respectively.^[76]

Note the affixes can exist translated as: "Satu" = "1"; "Dua" = "Two"; "Tiga" = "Three"; "Timur" = "East"; "Barat" = "W".

Demography [edit]

Ethnicity and language [edit]

Palembang is an ethnically various city. The indigenous population in the region of Palembang are Malay people heavily influenced past Javanese civilisation. Many of them live in traditional settlements along the Musi River bank, although there has been a recent efflux of Malay to the outer suburbs. Many people of other ethnicities from other parts of South Sumatra and across also live in Palembang. There is also a significant Arab, Indian and Chinese communities who are inhabitants of Palembang.^[i] Arab Indonesian communities mainly alive in several villages such every bit Kampong Al Munawwar in 13 Ulu, Kampong Assegaf in 16 Ulu, Kampong Al Habsyi in Kuto Batu, Kampong Jamalullail in 19 Ilir and Kampong Alawiyyin in Sungai Bayas, ten Ilir. Conversely, Chinese Indonesian communities mainly live in commercial districts in Palembang although there are several traditional Chinese villages like Kampong Kapitan in 7 Ulu. And Indian in 18 Ilir.

The local language of Palembang, Musi (Baso Plembang), is considered a dialect of Malay with a pregnant portion being Javanese loanwords. The natives originating from other parts of S Sumatra accept their own regional languages, such equally Komering, Besemah, Rawas and Semendo. Chinese languages are besides largely used by local Chinese communities.

Religion [edit]

Palembang officially recognizes six religious faiths, of which the near widely held is Islam. According to the 2022 data from Badan Pusat Statistik Palembang, the population of Palembang was 92.22% Muslim, three.91% Buddhist, 2.23% Protestant, 1.49% Roman Cosmic, 0.thirteen% Hindu, and 0.02% Confucianist. Muslims in Palembang are mainly from the Shafi`i school of Sunni Islam.^{[77] [ii]} There are several mosques with considerable heritage and historical significance, importantly the Great Mosque of Palembang, which was built during the Palembang Sultanate era, widely regarded as the master mosque of Palembang.

Transportation [edit]

Kajang boats were widely used for transportation in Musi River during colonial times.

Before the operation of Ampera Bridge, there were more people in Palembang using h2o transportation. Large water vehicles such every bit river steamboat was used to transport people to and from inland. Some people also used smaller boats such equally the Kajang boat, a traditional boat with simple roof to carry people and goods. Nowadays, people in Palembang prefer road transportation over water, and private transportation over public. Traffic jams often occur in some principal streets, especially during rush hour. Rail and air transportation are also available in Palembang.^[78]

Route [edit]

Transmusi [edit]

Since introduced in 2010, bus rapid transit becomes the main transportation in Palembang nether the name Transmusi. Transmusi has no special lanes because the road in Palembang are also narrow to build information technology, so Transmusi often trapped in traffic jams. Transmusi has operated eight routes (corridors) inside the city and three routes to and from the city.

• Corridor 1 : Bus stop beneath the Ilir part of Ampera Bridge – Alang Alang Lebar Autobus Station (KM 12)
• Corridor 2 : Perumnas Bus Station – PIM (Palembang Indah Mall)
• Corridor 3 : Plaju – PS Mall (Palembang Foursquare Mall)
• Corridor 4 : Jakabaring – Karya Jaya Bus Station (Kertapati)
• Corridor 5 : Alang Alang Lebar Bus Station (KM 12) – Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II International Airport
• Corridor 6 : Pusri – Palembang Foursquare (PS)
• Corridor 7 : Kenten – Dempo
• Corridor 8 : Alang Alang Lebar Bus Station (KM 12) – Terminal Karya Jaya (Kertapati)
• Pangkalan Balai Corridor : Alang Alang Lebar Double-decker Station (KM 12) – Pangkalan Balai
• Indralaya Corridor : Final Karya Jaya – Indralaya
• Unsri Corridor : Unsri Bukit – Unsri Indralaya

Public passenger vehicle and angkot services [edit]

Palembang operates several bus and angkot routes. The first angkots in Palembang were using Willys Jeep and was called "Mobil Ketek" because of its engine audio. Public buses were introduced in 1990s and served some routes from Seberang Ilir neighborhoods such as Km.12, Perumnas, Pusri, and Bukit Besar to Seberang Ulu neighborhoods which are Kertapati, Plaju, and Jakabaring. Because of aging vehicles and complaints in security and commuter habits, Palembang public bus is planned to exist removed gradually until 2018.

Palembang also operates several air-conditioned public coach to neighboring towns such as Kayuagung, Indralaya, Pangkalan Balai, Prabumulih, and Tanjung Api-Api.

Taxicab [edit]

Palembang also has a large number of taxis. The number has been rising since the National Games 2004 and Body of water Games 2011, which both were held in Palembang.

Becak and ojek [edit]

There are many becak (pedicabs) and ojek (motorbike taxi) operated in Palembang. Becak are oftentimes found in more older settlements forth Musi River than ojek which are more often than not found in more recent settlements far from the river.

App-based taxi and ojek [edit]

Taxis and ojeks are available via Go-Jek and Grab. Because of protests from taxi drivers, angkot and ojek are often barred from taking passengers to/from some places, such equally the airdrome.

Rail [edit]

Railway tracks were introduced by the Dutch in late 1800s. Railway tracks connect Palembang to provinces in southern Sumatra such as Bandar Lampung in Lampung Province, Rejang Lebong Regency in Bengkulu Province, and some principal towns in Due south Sumatra such every bit Lubuklinggau, Prabumulih, Indralaya, Muara Enim, Lahat, Tebing Tinggi, Baturaja, and Martapura. The largest railway station in Palembang is Kertapati Station. There are plans to connect Palembang to other cities in Sumatra, ultimately connected existing railways in northern, western and southern Sumatra, forming Trans Sumatra Railway.

Palembang was the start Indonesian urban center to have a light rail system (and metro-similar system in full general), predating the opening of Jakarta LRT in 2019. The Palembang Light Rail Transit opened one August 2022 and became the starting time rail rapid transit in Indonesia. At that place are 13 stations along the 23.4-kilometre (14.v mi) LRT system, connecting Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II International Airport and Jakabaring Sport Metropolis.^[79]

H2o [edit]

River ship [edit]

Palembang has several types of river transportation. The most traditional one is a motorboat chosen "perahu ketek", a wooden gunkhole which using small engine and moves quite slow. Perahu ketek is often used especially by people who live on riverside to cantankerous the river from one bank to another. Another type of river transportation is called "speedboat", a wooden motorboat which using more larger engine and designed to withstand the speed of the boat itself, far more faster than perahu ketek. Speedboats often used past the people outside Palembang, particularly who lives in Musi River delta, to become to and from Palembang. Palembang also operates some larger riverboat for tourism activities.

Port [edit]

Currently Palembang also has two principal ferry ports, Tanjung Api-api Port, located on sea-shore, 68 kilometres (42 miles) exterior the city, and Boom Baru Port inside the city. These ports operate ferries to Bangka, Belitung and Batam Island. There is a plan to build deep body of water port in Tanjung Api-Api.

Air [edit]

The only public airport in Palembang is Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II International Aerodrome. This drome provides domestic routes that connect Palembang with many cities in Indonesia, especially Jakarta, only also other towns in South Sumatra, such as Lubuklinggau and Pagaralam. It as well has international routes to Singapore and Kuala Lumpur.

Economy [edit]

View of fundamental surface area in Palembang Icon Shopping Mall

Equally the capital of Due south Sumatra and one of major cities in Indonesia, Palembang'southward economy depends highly on trading, service, transportation, manufacturing and structure sectors.^[lxxx] GRDP of Palembang was Rp 118.77 trillion (The states$9.01 billion) in 2016. Of this, the manufacturing and construction sectors accept up the largest portions with 33.17 and 18.21 percent contributions, respectively.^[81] The minimum wage for 2022 is Rp 2,484,000 per month, somewhat college than regencies in Java although lower than that of cities such as Medan or Surabaya.^[82]

Palembang is a part of Strategic Evolution Area of Merak - Bakauheni - Bandar Lampung - Palembang - Tanjung Api-Api (MBBPT).^[83] To accelerate the region evolution, Trans-Sumatra Cost Road is being constructed to eventually give Palembang a high-speed highway access to other cities in Sumatra, including Bengkulu in the due west, Jambi in the northward, and Bandar Lampung in the south.

Business and industry [edit]

Palembang is the regional business centre in southern Sumatra region encompassing Jambi, Southward Sumatra, Bengkulu, Bangka Belitung Islands and Lampung. Several main factories and industries in Indonesia are operating in Palembang such as fertiliser factory of Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang in Sei Selayur, portland cement factory of Baturaja Portland Cement in Kertapati and oil and gas refinery of Pertamina in Plaju. Several coal mining industries in South Sumatra as well transport coal to the city by freight trains and by trucks before being shipped to Java or abroad.^[84]

In Indonesia, South Sumatra is the largest producer of safe, estimated at over 940,000 tons of product in 2016,^[85] and over 850,000 tons of rubber were exported from Palembang in the same twelvemonth.^[81] In 2014, at that place were xiv rubber processing factories in the city employing iv,000 people with a capacity of close to a 1000000 tons annually.^[86] There is however no specified industrial parks in the city.^[87]

At least ten,683 foreign tourists and 1,896,110 domestic tourists visited the city in 2016.^[81] Several hotels are operating in Palembang, many of them are opened afterward the 2004 Pekan Olahraga Nasional. Culinary business in Palembang is also developing. A ton of pempek is exported from Palembang to other cities in Indonesia and abroad daily.^[88]

Markets and commercial centres [edit]

By and large, in that location are ii types of markets in Palembang, traditional market and mod market. From thirty traditional markets in Palembang, majority of traditional markets in Palembang is managed by PD Pasar Palembang Jaya meanwile the residue is endemic by private or cooperative.^[89] Being in the central expanse of Palembang, sixteen Ilir Market is the main traditional market in the city, while the area effectually the market place, specially areas along Jalan Masjid Lama, Jalan Jendral Soedirman, Jalan Kolonel Atmo and Jalan Letkol Iskandar become bustling commercial centres integrated with one another. Another notable trading centre in Palembang is Cinde Market, one of the oldest market in Indonesia which was built showtime in 1957 with its unique mushroom pillars, then razed in 2022 to exist replaced with more modern edifice.^[90]

Other modern commercial centers and malls are built in other parts of the city. Most of them are built in forth Sekanak River corridor, including Palembang Indah Mall, Ramayana Palembang, Transmart Palembang, Palembang Icon, and Palembang Square, other notable malls such every bit Palembang Trade Heart and OPI Mall are built in Patal Pusri and Jakabaring respectively. Two of chief Indonesia retail giants, Indomaret and Alfamart besides open their franchise stores in every office of the city.

Tourism [edit]

Palembang is known as Venetië Van Andalas (Venice of Sumatra), mainly because of the topography of the city which was dominated by Musi River and its tributaries.

People enjoying local dishes on floating warung boats

As a trading city since antiquity, Palembang is very heterogenous and its local civilization and language is also influenced by many civilizations, almost notably Chinese, Javanese, and Arabs. Several Dutch legacies in architecture can also seen in the city. The most notable landmarks in Palembang are Ampera Bridge, Musi River, Kuto Besak Fort, Kemaro Island, and Jakabaring Sport City.

Rumah Limas of IDR 10000 banknote is now located in Museum Balaputradewa, Palembang

Landmarks and sights [edit]

• Musi River, 750 kilometres (470 miles) long river which divides Palembang into two parts, which are Seberang Ulu and Seberang Ilir. Information technology is i of the longest rivers in Sumatra. Since artifact, the Musi River has get the centre of Palembang and South Sumatra's economy. There are some landmarks along its bank, such equally Ampera Bridge, Kuto Besak Fort, Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin Ii Museum, Kemaro Isle, 16 Ilir Market, traditional raft houses, Pertamina's oil refineries, Pupuk Sriwijaya (PUSRI) fertiliser plants, Bagus Kuning Park, Musi II Bridge, Kampong Al Munawar, etc.
• Ampera Bridge, main city landmark, is a span crossed over 1,177 metres (3,862 feet) to a higher place the Musi River which connects Seberang Ulu and Seberang Ilir area of Palembang.
• Great Mosque of Palembang, also known every bit the Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin Ii Mosque, is the main mosque of Palembang located in the metropolis centre. This mosque is built every bit the imperial mosque of Palembang Sultanate and had undergone several renovations during Sultanate, Dutch, and Republic dominion.
• Kuto Besak Fort, located on the northern depository financial institution of the Musi River adjacent to Ampera Bridge and reverse to kampong Kapitan. The fort is congenital past Sultanate of Palembang, one of few surviving forts built by the local and not named after whatsoever European. Tourists are just allowed to meet the fort from the outside every bit this fort is however endemic by Tentara Nasional Indonesia, specifically the Health Department of Military Surface area Command II/Sriwijaya (Kesehatan Daerah Militer Ii/Sriwijaya) and has a function as a military hospital.
• Kemaro Island, a small delta island of Musi River, located in eastern Palembang. This island houses several Chinese heritages in Palembang which are Kemaro Island Pagoda and Hok Tjiang Rio temple (福正廟). This island becomes more crowded during Chinese festivals specifically during Cap Go Meh on the last day of Chinese New Year celebrations. In front of the temple, there is a tomb which is believed to be a tomb of a legendary couple of Tan Bun An and Siti Fatimah who made this island during their death.

Al-Qur'an Al-Akbar, a major religious site in Palembang. A five-story gigantic replica of the Quran.

• Kampong Arab Al-Munawar, one of kampong in Palembang which is inhabited by Arab Indonesian descendants. This kampong is renowned past the kampong'south architecture and culture which is a mixture of local Malay and Arab, especially from Hadhrami. Information technology has been long known that whatever visitors should dress politely in lodge to visit this surface area.
• Kampong Kapitan, one of the oldest Chinese kampong in the metropolis. The primary attraction is Tjoa Ham Hin's house with centuries-old piece of furniture inside. There was also a nearby Chinese temple, which was i of the oldest in Palembang every bit well. Long earlier its existence as the Chinese settlement expanse, it was also called Tanggo Rajo where foreigners and newcomers from the archipelago stayed at.
• Kantor Ledeng, the mayor office of Palembang. Information technology was originally built as a water tower during Dutch rule.
• Kambang Iwak, a pond located in Talang Semut close to Palembang mayor'south residence. During Dutch rule, the area around the swimming is the residence of Dutch people who works in the metropolis, notable by European architecture on many houses around this pond and affluence of churches in this expanse. On the banks of this lake, at that place is a park and recreation loonshit which is always crowded past locals during weekends and holidays.
• Punti Kayu Tourism Forest, urban center woods located about six miles (9.7 kilometres) from the metropolis centre with an area of l hectares (120 acres) and since 1998 designated as protected forests. In this forest in that location is a family recreation expanse and a local shelter a grouping of monkeys: long-tail macaque (Macaca fascicularis) and monkey (Macaca nemistriana) under the Sumatran Pine wood (Pinus mercussi).^[91]
• Sriwijaya Kingdom Archaeological Park, the remnants of Sriwijaya site located on the banks of the River Musi. There is an inscription and stone relics, complex of aboriginal swimming, artificial isle and canals dated from the Srivijayan kingdom in this area. The Srivijaya Museum is located in this circuitous.
• Bukit Seguntang archaeological park, located in the hills due west of Palembang urban center. One of the most major historical areas among the Malay community, it is believed that Sang Sapurba the progenitor all of the Malay Kings descended from this important hill. It is currently turned into a recreational park by the local government. The tombs of the Srivijayan imperial family unit is also being located in the area.
• Monumen Perjuangan Rakyat / Monpera (People Struggle Monument), located in the urban center eye, adjacent to the Smashing Mosque and Ampera Bridge. Several relics during Indonesian National Revolution in S Sumatra are exhibited in this monument.
• Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin Ii Museum, is the sometime Dutch-era resident office located near the Ampera Bridge and adjacent to Kuto Besak Fort. This museum located in the former regal palace of Palembang Sultanate which was demolished after Dutch conquest of Palembang. This museum exhibits several relics and historical objects with collections spanned from Srivijaya Kingdom period to Palembang Darussalam Sultanate era.
• Museum Balaputradewa, the home of Rumah Limas featured on IDR 10000 banknote. This type of stilt house is the traditional house of the people of Palembang.
• Rumah Limas Haji Aziz, a cultural home richly adorned with various traditional Due south Sumatran and Palembangese woodcarving. Visitors also take the option to dressed in the local classical attire in the abode.
• Al-Qur'an Al-Akbar, the Grand Quran of Palembang, a giant consummate replica of the Muslim holy book. The v-story quran is a prominent religious site in the area.
• Dekranasda Palembang, a collection of traditional Rumah adats from each South Sumatran regencies.
• Parameswara Monument, a large sculpture to commemorate Parameswara, the Sultan of Malacca from Palembang. The monument is also erected to celebrate the unity between various southeast Asian nations and the brotherhood spirit among the Malay community,

Festivals [edit]

• Bidar race, a traditional Malay rowing tournament is biannually held in Musi River especially on 17 Baronial (Indonesia'south Independence 24-hour interval) and lesserly known 17 June (Palembang Establishment 24-hour interval). Several bidar rowing teams will sprint beyond a stretch of Musi River from 35 Ilir Port to Ampera Bridge. The race is e'er accompanied with a boat carnival.^[92]
• Ziarah Kubro, is a tradition held by several thousands of Muslims in Palembang earlier Ramadan by visiting several tombs of founding fathers, sultans and ulemas of Palembang Sultanate in Palembang.^[93]

Culture [edit]

Since antiquity, Palembang has been a major port metropolis in Southeast Asia which absorbs neighbouring, as well as foreign, cultures and influences. Throughout its history, Palembang has attracted migrants from other regions in the archipelago, and has fabricated this urban center as a heterogenous city. Although today the city had lost its role as the major port city in the archipelago, the remnants of its heyday still evident in its civilization. Palembangnese people mainly adopt civilisation which is mainly an amalgamation of Malay and Javanese customs.^[94] Even at present it tin be seen in its culture and language. Give-and-take such every bit "wong (person)" is an example of Javanese loanword in Palembang linguistic communication. Also the Javanese knight and noble honorific titles, such as Raden Mas or Raden Ayu is used by Palembang nobles, the remnant of Palembang Sultanate courtly culture. The tombs of the Islamic heritage was not different in class and style with Islamic tombs in Java.

Cuisine [edit]

Palembang cuisine is the second almost well-known cuisine from Sumatra after Padang. They primarily apply freshwater fish and prawn as ingredients due to the paramount role of the Musi River for the expanse. Spices are also by and large included although not every bit liberal as its same-island counterpart. Malay, Indian, and Chinese civilization has also influenced Palembang's culinary scene. Besides freshwater fish dishes, at that place are many variation of dishes, snacks, drinks, and sweets in Palembang cuisine.^{[ citation needed ]} The about well known dishes in Palembang include pempek, tekwan, pindang patin, martabak HAR, and wide varieties of Bakmi which is a blazon of noodle dish. Numerous Palembang cuisines are highly influenced by Chinese culture.^{[ citation needed ]}

Fine art [edit]

Textile [edit]

Palembang bride in Aesan Gede wedding costume wearing gold jewellery and songket

Palembang is mainly known for its artistic textile, songket. This is a hand-woven silk or cotton fabrics patterned with gold or silver threads.^[95] Information technology is a luxury product traditionally worn during formalism occasions as sarong, shoulder cloths or caput ties and tanjak, a headdress songket. During Srivijaya dominion, songkets were often used at the courtroom.^[96] Songkets are too traditionally worn equally an apparel by the Malay royal families in Sumatra and the Malay Peninsular including Palembang Sultanate. Traditionally women are the weavers of songket, however in this modern fourth dimension men besides are known to weave it as well.^[97] There are half-dozen primary patterns in Palembang songket which are songket lepus, songket tawur, songket tretes mender, songket bungo pacik, combinated songket, and songket limar.^[98] These patterns are not only used on songkets, but also as decoration for several structures in Palembang such as underpasses, flyovers, and bridges.^{[99] [100] [101]}

Woodcarving [edit]

Palembang is as well known for its woodcarving. Palembang woodcarving are heavily influenced by Chinese civilisation with motifs such as jasmine or lotus.^[102] Palembang woodcarving mode originally is used to wardrobe that stores songket fabrics. But present it is often applied to house ornaments and likewise to many business firm applicants such every bit wooden brandish cabinets, wooden beds, aquariums, photo frames, mirrors, etc.^[103]

Dance [edit]

Folk dances have been performed by Palembangnese since artifact. The nearly known folk dance of Palembang is Tanggai Dance which was considered sacred in the past since it was performed as an offer to Shiva. Nowadays it was performed in a lot of important ceremonies and weddings.^[104]

Theatrical performance [edit]

On several occasions such as kenduri (communal feast), Palembangnese oft hired several people to perform a traditional theatrical performance called Dulmuluk, named later on its main character, Raja Abdulmuluk Jauhari. Dulmuluk was known at first as a syair which was then adapted into local theatrical operation by Palembangnese in 1910. Dulmuluk often performed during night until the dawn of the adjacent day.^[105]

Sport [edit]

Jakabaring Aquatic Centre in Jakabaring Sport Urban center complex

Along with Jakarta, Palembang is notable as having served every bit a host city of the 2022 Asian Games, the first Asian Games agree officially by 2 cities and the fourth host city of Asian Games in Southeast Asia later Bangkok in 1998.^[10] Palembang is likewise the main host of 2011 Southeast Asian Games and hosted ii matches of 2007 AFC Asian Cup.^{[9] [eleven] [106]} Sport facilities accept been built across the metropolis since 1971 to host Pekan Olahraga Mahasiswa (POM) 9, although the city's main sport complex, Jakabaring Sport City started its construction in 1998 and expanded later in 2010.^{[107] [108]} In order to keep the sport circuitous into frequent uses, several plans have been raised by the government to encourage more than sporting events into the city, included the purchase of an association football club, Persijatim Solo F.C in 2004 which then renamed to Sriwijaya F.C.^[109] Palembang also planned to build a race runway within the circuitous to host a MotoGP race in the city.^[110]

Football is regarded as the about popular sport in Palembang. Sriwijaya F.C is the only active professional football gild in Due south Sumatra and widely followed beyond the province, especially in Palembang as its domicile base of operations. During its abode matches, the stadium often flooded with fans wears yellow shirts on south stands, green shirts on north stands, and black shirts on eastward stands, representing 3 principal ultras of the club. Badminton, basketball, volleyball and futsal as well get some wide attention in the city. Beside Sriwijaya F.C., notable sport teams in Palembang are BSB Hangtuah (basketball) and Palembang Depository financial institution Sumsel Babel (volleyball). An Indonesian badminton player, Mohammad Ahsan and Debby Susanto is also from Palembang.^{[111] [112]}

Didactics [edit]

SMA Negeri 19 Palembang, a public high school in Palembang

According to Ministry of Education and Culture, currently there are 462 elementary schools, 243 junior high schools, 140 high schools, and 80 vocational schools in Palembang; most of them privately owned.^[113] There are 26 Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) in Palembang as of 2015.^[114]

SMA PGRI 2 Palembang, a private high school in Palembang

Christian schools and Buddhist achools are as well privately endemic and funded. Study centers are available such every bit GO, Primagama, BKC, Nurul Fikri, BTA, and RuangGuru's Encephalon Academy.

The city's universities and colleges include Sriwijaya Academy, Raden Fatah Country Islamic University, Sriwijaya State Polytechnic, Muhammadiyah University of Palembang and Bina Darma University.^{[115] [116]}

Other universities include Kader Bangsa, MDP, the Open up University of Palembang, IBA , Indo Global Mandiri, PGRI, Tridinanti, Musi Charitas, and Indonesia Sport Polytechnic.^[117]

Twin towns – sister cities [edit]

Come across also [edit]

• Musi language
• Srivijaya

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External links [edit]

Wikimedia Eatables has media related to Palembang.

• Official website – in Indonesian
• Palembang travel guide from Wikivoyage

singletonsherep55.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palembang